abstract：BACKGROUND:It is widely considered that exposure to maternal cigarette smoking in pregnancy has risk effects on offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This view is supported by consistent observations of association. It is, however, impossible to be certain of adequate control for confounding factor...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Thapar A,Rice F,Hay D,Boivin J,Langley K,van den Bree M,Rutter M,Harold G

更新日期：2009-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although genetic risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in similarly traumatized cohorts can be confounded with risk for type of exposure, the primary risk for exposure to the 9/11 attack on New York City was proximity, allowing study of PTSD risk in a sample that is not confounded by exposure...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Yehuda R,Cai G,Golier JA,Sarapas C,Galea S,Ising M,Rein T,Schmeidler J,Müller-Myhsok B,Holsboer F,Buxbaum JD

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in attention, increased motor impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Preliminary work in mice and humans has suggested the X-linked gene STS (which encodes the enzyme steroid sulfatase) as a mediator o...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Davies W,Humby T,Kong W,Otter T,Burgoyne PS,Wilkinson LS

更新日期：2009-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Warning signals evoke an alert state of readiness that prepares for a rapid response by priming a thalamo-frontal-striatal network that includes the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Animal models indicate that noradrenergic input is essential for this stimulus-driven activation of DLPFC, but the preci...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Clerkin SM,Schulz KP,Halperin JM,Newcorn JH,Ivanov I,Tang CY,Fan J

更新日期：2009-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive procedure that may be used to study individual differences in motor cortex excitability. Such differences are assumed to reflect serotonergic and other inputs to the motor cortex. METHODS:Here we investigate the impact of a functional polymorphism in ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Langguth B,Sand P,Marek R,Landgrebe M,Frank E,Hajak G,Eichhammer P

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Evidence suggests that structural brain changes occur over time in bipolar disorder but few studies have examined this longitudinally. Additional work implicates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) valine (val)(66)methionine (met) variant in these changes. The present study examined longitudinal trends ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Mirakhur A,Moorhead TW,Stanfield AC,McKirdy J,Sussmann JE,Hall J,Lawrie SM,Johnstone EC,McIntosh AM

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Altered expression of serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptors, both presynaptic in the raphe nuclei and post-synaptic in limbic and cortical target areas, has been implicated in mood disorders such as major depression and anxiety. Within the 5-HT1A receptor gene, a powerful dual repressor element (DRE) is regulated ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Hadjighassem MR,Austin MC,Szewczyk B,Daigle M,Stockmeier CA,Albert PR

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Monoamine dysfunction, particularly of the serotonin system, has been the dominant hypothesis guiding research and treatment development in affective disorders. The majority of research has been performed in midlife depressed adults. The importance of understanding the neurobiology of depression in older adu...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Smith GS,Kramer E,Hermann C,Ma Y,Dhawan V,Chaly T,Eidelberg D

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Alcohol and tobacco dependence are highly comorbid disorders, with preclinical evidence suggesting a role for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in alcohol consumption. Varenicline, a partial nicotinic agonist with high affinity for the alpha4beta2 nAChR receptor, reduced ethanol intake in rodents. W...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： McKee SA,Harrison EL,O'Malley SS,Krishnan-Sarin S,Shi J,Tetrault JM,Picciotto MR,Petrakis IL,Estevez N,Balchunas E

更新日期：2009-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:K-complexes (KCs) are evoked delta frequency electroencephalogram (EEG) responses during sleep that occur when large numbers of healthy cortical cells burst fire in a synchronized manner. The KC amplitude and incidence are sensitive measures of normal healthy brain aging. Given the known neurodegenerative co...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Colrain IM,Crowley KE,Nicholas CL,Padilla M,Baker FC

更新日期：2009-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ventral tegmental area (VTA) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) contributes to time-dependent increases in cue-induced cocaine seeking after withdrawal (incubation of cocaine craving). Here, we studied the role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in incubation of cocaine craving becau...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Lu L,Wang X,Wu P,Xu C,Zhao M,Morales M,Harvey BK,Hoffer BJ,Shaham Y

更新日期：2009-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The dexamethasone/corticotropin releasing hormone (Dex/CRH) test has been proposed as a potential tool for identifying endophenotypes relevant to mood disorders. Several studies have shown abnormal cortisol reactivity in phenotypically healthy adults without psychiatric disorders as a function of exposure to...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Carpenter LL,Tyrka AR,Ross NS,Khoury L,Anderson GM,Price LH

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:It is uncertain whether the neurobiological abnormalities in schizophrenia emerge at the first episode of the disorder or are present during the prodromal phase. Recent neuroimaging studies indicate that some brain abnormalities are present in subjects at ultra-high-risk (UHR) for schizophrenia. Pre-attentiv...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Shin KS,Kim JS,Kang DH,Koh Y,Choi JS,O'Donnell BF,Chung CK,Kwon JS

更新日期：2009-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Several studies have reported elevated S100B serum levels in schizophrenia. Our study focused on its scavenger, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE). Given the benefits of sRAGE in metabolic and inflammatory diseases, we hypothesized a similar effect in schizophrenia. METHODS:S100B a...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Steiner J,Walter M,Wunderlich MT,Bernstein HG,Panteli B,Brauner M,Jacobs R,Gos T,Rothermundt M,Bogerts B

更新日期：2009-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Acute ketamine has been shown to model features of schizophrenia such as psychotic symptoms, cognitive deficits and smooth pursuit eye movement dysfunction. There have been suggestions that chronic ketamine may also produce an analogue of the disorder. In this study, we investigated the effect of persistent ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Morgan CJ,Huddy V,Lipton M,Curran HV,Joyce EM

更新日期：2009-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There is evidence that vascular factors contribute substantially to Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have developed assays to reliably detect the circulation and microcirculation regulating factors C-terminal endothelin-1 precursor fragment (CT-proET-1), midregional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), and midregiona...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Buerger K,Ernst A,Ewers M,Uspenskaya O,Omerovic M,Morgenthaler NG,Knauer K,Bergmann A,Hampel H

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous work has implicated noradrenergic beta-receptors in the consolidation and reconsolidation of conditioned fear. Less is known, however, about their role in fear expression and extinction. The beta-receptor blocker propranolol has been used clinically to reduce anxiety. With an auditory fear condition...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Rodriguez-Romaguera J,Sotres-Bayon F,Mueller D,Quirk GJ

更新日期：2009-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To determine the effects of depressive symptom severity on the circulating soluble adhesion molecule response to an acute exercise challenge in patients with heart failure (HF) compared with control subjects. METHODS:Thirty-eight male HF patients and 19 male control subjects (mean age +/- SEM: 55.5 +/- 1.9)...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Wirtz PH,Hong S,Redwine LS,Tafur J,Rutledge T,Ziegler MG,Greenberg B,Mills PJ

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Marked interindividual differences in vulnerability to nicotine dependence exist, but factors underlying such differences are not well understood. The midbrain alpha4beta2* subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) has been implicated in mediation of the reinforcing effects of nicotine responsibl...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Le Foll B,Chefer SI,Kimes AS,Shumway D,Stein EA,Mukhin AG,Goldberg SR

更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Social phobia has been characterized as a disorder of exaggerated fear of social threat and heightened sensitivity to imagery of social failure. METHODS:To assess the physiological basis of this description, social phobia patients (n=75) and demographically matched control participants (n=75) imagined neutr...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： McTeague LM,Lang PJ,Laplante MC,Cuthbert BN,Strauss CC,Bradley MM

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:One of the most recognizable features of psychopathy is the reduced ability to successfully learn and adapt overt behavior. This might be due to deficient processing of error information indicating the need to adapt controlled behavior. METHODS:Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral components of er...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Brazil IA,de Bruijn ER,Bulten BH,von Borries AK,van Lankveld JJ,Buitelaar JK,Verkes RJ

更新日期：2009-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The long-standing observation that the novelty-seeking personality trait is a predictor of drug use and other reinforcable risky behaviors raises the question as to how novelty and reward processing functionally interact in mesolimbic dopaminergic circuitry and how this interaction is modulated by the novelt...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Krebs RM,Schott BH,Düzel E

更新日期：2009-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Comparing prefrontal cortical activity during particular phases of working memory in healthy subjects and individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia might help to define the phase-specific deficits in cortical function that contribute to cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia. This study featured ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Driesen NR,Leung HC,Calhoun VD,Constable RT,Gueorguieva R,Hoffman R,Skudlarski P,Goldman-Rakic PS,Krystal JH

更新日期：2008-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sensitivity to reward has been implicated as a predisposing factor for behaviors related to drug abuse as well as overeating. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to reward sensitivity are unknown. We hypothesized that a dysregulation in dopamine signaling might be an underlying cause of heightene...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Teegarden SL,Nestler EJ,Bale TL

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The hippocampus (HC) is smaller in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD), but few longitudinal studies have examined whether volume is associated with clinically meaningful outcomes such as response to treatment. METHODS:We compared regional (head and body/tail) HC volumes in 46 patients w...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： MacQueen GM,Yucel K,Taylor VH,Macdonald K,Joffe R

更新日期：2008-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Conflicting findings have emerged from studies examining the impact of depression on death and readmission following a coronary event, possibly reflecting differences in the measurement of "depression" and the onset of depression in relation to the coronary event. The aim of this study was to examine the rel...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Parker GB,Hilton TM,Walsh WF,Owen CA,Heruc GA,Olley A,Brotchie H,Hadzi-Pavlovic D

更新日期：2008-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The search for susceptibility genes in autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been hindered by the possible small effects of individual genes and by genetic (locus) heterogeneity. To overcome these obstacles, one method is to use autism-related subphenotypes instead of the categorical diagnosis of au...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Liu XQ,Paterson AD,Szatmari P,Autism Genome Project Consortium.

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Limited success has been achieved through previous attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) linkage scans, which were all designed to map genes underlying the dichotomous phenotype. The International Multi-centre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) project performed a whole genome linkage scan specifically designed...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Zhou K,Asherson P,Sham P,Franke B,Anney RJ,Buitelaar J,Ebstein R,Gill M,Brookes K,Buschgens C,Campbell D,Chen W,Christiansen H,Fliers E,Gabriëls I,Johansson L,Marco R,Mulas F,Müller U,Mulligan A,Neale BM,Rijsdij

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Affective facial processing is an important component of interpersonal relationships. The neural substrate has been examined following treatment with antidepressant medication but not with psychological therapies. The present study investigated the neural correlates of implicit processing of sad facial expre...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Fu CH,Williams SC,Cleare AJ,Scott J,Mitterschiffthaler MT,Walsh ND,Donaldson C,Suckling J,Andrew C,Steiner H,Murray RM

更新日期：2008-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:As observed in depressed adults, there is considerable variability in the degree and direction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) dysfunction in depressed adolescents. The variability in HPA findings may be attributed to experiential factors. METHODS:A modified version of a standard psychosocial stress...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Rao U,Hammen C,Ortiz LR,Chen LA,Poland RE

更新日期：2008-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Abnormal sensory gating in schizophrenia has frequently been reported; however, only limited data on unmedicated patients and patients at risk to develop a psychosis have, as yet, been available. METHODS:P50 and N100 suppression were assessed with an auditory double-click paradigm in five groups: 18 at-risk...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Brockhaus-Dumke A,Schultze-Lutter F,Mueller R,Tendolkar I,Bechdolf A,Pukrop R,Klosterkoetter J,Ruhrmann S

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a negative-going event-related potential (ERP) component that occurs in response to intermittent changes in constant auditory backgrounds. A consistent finding across a large number of studies has been impaired MMN generation in schizophrenia, which has been interpreted as eviden...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Magno E,Yeap S,Thakore JH,Garavan H,De Sanctis P,Foxe JJ

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Schizophrenia patients exhibit impairment in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response (ASR), suggesting a sensorimotor gating deficit. The serotonin-2A receptor (5-HT(2A)R) has been implicated in both the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and the PPI deficits of schizophrenia patients. Moreover...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Quednow BB,Kühn KU,Mössner R,Schwab SG,Schuhmacher A,Maier W,Wagner M

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Reinforcement of behavioral responses involves a complex cerebral circuit engaging specific neuronal networks that are modulated by cortical oversight systems affiliated with emotion, memory, judgment, and decision making (collectively referred to in this study as the "extended reward and oversight system" o...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Makris N,Oscar-Berman M,Jaffin SK,Hodge SM,Kennedy DN,Caviness VS,Marinkovic K,Breiter HC,Gasic GP,Harris GJ

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A novel, high-affinity (.7-2.0 nmol) compound that selectively activates the alpha2, alpha 3, and alpha 5 (but not alpha1) gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA(A)) receptor subtypes, TPA023B (2',6-difluoro-5'-[3-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl) imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl][1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carbonitrile) was pharma...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Van Laere K,Bormans G,Sanabria-Bohórquez SM,de Groot T,Dupont P,De Lepeleire I,de Hoon J,Mortelmans L,Hargreaves RJ,Atack JR,Burns HD

更新日期：2008-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This overview describes the generation and development of the ideas that led to the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (CNTRICS) initiative. It also describes the organization, process, and products of the first meeting. The CNTRICS initiative involves a series of three con...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Carter CS,Barch DM,Buchanan RW,Bullmore E,Krystal JH,Cohen J,Geyer M,Green M,Nuechterlein KH,Robbins T,Silverstein S,Smith EE,Strauss M,Wykes T,Heinssen R

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In addition to cognitive impairment, there are disruptions to mood and emotion processing in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but little is known about their neural basis. We examined ADHD disturbances in mood and emotion recognition and underlying neural systems before and after treatment wit...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Williams LM,Hermens DF,Palmer D,Kohn M,Clarke S,Keage H,Clark CR,Gordon E

更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A polymorphism in the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene modulates the association between adverse early experiences and risk for major depression in adulthood. Although human imaging studies have begun to elucidate the neural circuits involved in the 5-HTT x environment risk factor, a molecular understandin...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Carola V,Frazzetto G,Pascucci T,Audero E,Puglisi-Allegra S,Cabib S,Lesch KP,Gross C

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent evidence indicates that individuals who are homozygous for the short (s) allele in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene have higher rates of depression and other psychiatric disorders as a function of exposure to increasing levels of stressful life events than do individuals who have ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Gotlib IH,Joormann J,Minor KL,Hallmayer J

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Exploiting synteny between mouse and human disease loci has been proposed as a cost-effective method for the identification of human susceptibility genes. Here we explore its utility in an analysis of a human personality trait, neuroticism, which can be modeled in mice by tests of emotionality. We investigat...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Fullerton JM,Willis-Owen SA,Yalcin B,Shifman S,Copley RR,Miller SR,Bhomra A,Davidson S,Oliver PL,Mott R,Flint J

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00